Indira Gandhi.

After the Seventh General Election in January 1980, Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister of India for the second time.

1. Background to the 1977 Election and Government Formation:

• Indira Gandhi, who had been the Prime Minister from 1966 to 1977, lost the 1977 General Election after a period of emergency rule (1975-77) in which civil liberties were suspended, and many political opponents were jailed.
• After her loss in 1977, she was replaced by Morarji Desai, who led a coalition government under the Janata Party.
• However, the Janata Party government faced internal conflicts and instability, particularly with Morarji Desai's resignation in 1979, followed by a split in the party.

2. Rise of Indira Gandhi Again:

• Following the fragmentation of the Janata Party, the political landscape became unstable. This gave Indira Gandhi and the Congress (I) party an opportunity to make a comeback.
• In January 1980, a snap general election was called by Indira Gandhi. The Congress (I) (Indian National Congress) campaigned under her leadership and won a massive victory.
• The Congress (I) secured 351 seats in the 545-member Lok Sabha, ensuring a clear majority.

3. Indira Gandhi's Return as Prime Minister:

• After the election results were announced, Indira Gandhi was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India once again on January 14, 1980.
• This marked her second term as Prime Minister, as she had previously served from 1966 to 1977 before her defeat.

4. Impact of the 1980 Election:

• Indira Gandhi’s return to power in 1980 was seen as a triumph for her leadership, especially after the setback she faced in 1977.
• Her victory was largely attributed to her strong leadership and the perception of the Congress (I) as the stabilizing force after the fragmented and unstable coalition governments of the late 1970s.

In summary, Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister of India after the Seventh General Election in January 1980, marking her comeback to power after the brief interlude of the Janata Party government.

Hence, Option C Is Correct.

Bhaskara.

India's second satellite, Bhaskara, was launched in June 1979. Here's a detailed explanation of the satellite and its significance:

1. Bhaskara Satellite:

• Name: Bhaskara was named after the ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer Bhaskara I (also known as Bhaskara the Great).
• Purpose: Bhaskara was an Earth observation satellite designed to study the Earth's surface, monitor the environment, and gather data for meteorological purposes. It was part of India's efforts to develop space technology for various practical applications, such as agriculture, forestry, and disaster management.
• Launch Date: The satellite was launched on June 7, 1979.
• Launch Vehicle: It was launched aboard a Soviet Cosmodrome rocket from Russia (then the Soviet Union), in collaboration with the Soviet Union.

2. Significance of Bhaskara:

• Technological Milestone: Bhaskara was a key milestone in India's early space endeavors. It was India's second satellite after Aryabhata, which was launched in 1975. While Aryabhata was primarily a scientific satellite, Bhaskara focused on Earth observation.
• Orbit: Bhaskara was placed in a polar orbit, allowing it to observe the entire surface of the Earth as the planet rotated beneath it.
• Applications: The satellite played an important role in providing data on weather patterns, land use, and natural resources. Its observations were valuable for meteorology and agriculture, helping India monitor its vast geographical diversity.
• Satellite System: The Bhaskara series consisted of two satellites, with Bhaskara-I (launched in 1979) and Bhaskara-II (launched in 1981), both contributing to India's growing satellite program.

3. Other Satellite Options in the Question:

a) Aryabhata: Launched in 1975, Aryabhata was India's first satellite, primarily intended for scientific experiments, such as studying the Earth's ionosphere and solar physics.

c) Rohini: The Rohini series of satellites were later launched, starting in 1980, for remote sensing and Earth observation. These satellites are part of India's Indian National Satellite System (INSAT).

d) INSAT: The INSAT (Indian National Satellite System) is a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites used for telecommunications, broadcasting, and meteorology. The first INSAT satellite was launched in 1983, but it is not India's second satellite.

4. Bhaskara’s Role in India's Space Program:

• Bhaskara’s launch marked India’s growing capabilities in space technology and set the stage for future Earth observation satellites. It also reflected India's increasing focus on using space for practical applications, such as environmental monitoring and natural resource management.
• The successful launch of Bhaskara helped India strengthen its position in the global space community, showcasing its ability to design, develop, and launch sophisticated satellites.

In summary, Bhaskara was India's second satellite, launched in June 1979 to carry out Earth observation tasks, and it contributed significantly to India's space program by providing valuable data on weather, resources, and the environment.

Hence, Option B Is Correct.

1983.

The Indian cricket team won the Cricket World Cup in 1983, marking a historic and transformative moment for Indian cricket. Here's a detailed explanation of the event:

1. Overview of the 1983 Cricket World Cup:

• The 1983 Cricket World Cup was the third edition of the ICC Cricket World Cup, and it was held in England from June 9 to June 25, 1983.
• India was one of the underdogs in the tournament. At that time, cricket was dominated by teams like the West Indies, which had won the previous two World Cups in 1975 and 1979.

2. The Indian Team and Leadership:

• The Indian team was led by Kapil Dev, who played a pivotal role both as a captain and a key performer in the tournament.
• The Indian squad included talented players like Sunil Gavaskar, Mohinder Amarnath, Sandeep Patil, Ravi Shastri, and Kris Srikkanth, among others.
• India was not considered one of the favorites to win the tournament, and many experts doubted their chances due to the strength of teams like the West Indies, Australia, and England.

3. India’s Journey to the Final:

• The Indian team performed admirably during the group stage, defeating teams like West Indies and Zimbabwe.
• In the semi-final, India faced England at Old Trafford, Manchester. India won the match by 6 wickets, with Mohinder Amarnath playing a match-winning role, and secured a spot in the final.

4. The Final - India vs. the West Indies:

• The final match of the 1983 World Cup took place on June 25, 1983, at Lord’s Cricket Ground in London.
• India, having won the toss, chose to bat first. The Indian team struggled and was bowled out for just 183 runs in 54.4 overs.
  • Mohinder Amarnath top-scored with 26 runs, and Kapil Dev made a valuable 15 runs in a crucial partnership with him.
• Despite the low total, the Indian bowlers, led by Mohinder Amarnath, Kapil Dev, and Roger Binny, made a remarkable comeback.
• The West Indies, who were the defending champions and had been dominant throughout the tournament, were bowled out for just 140 runs in 52 overs.
  • Amarnath took 3 wickets for 12 runs and was named Man of the Match for his all-round performance, which helped India secure an unexpected victory.

5. India's Historic Victory:

• India’s win in 1983 was a monumental moment in the history of Indian cricket. It was the first time India had won the Cricket World Cup.
• The victory was seen as a huge upset, as the West Indies were favorites to win for the third consecutive time.
• The win brought immense pride to India and ignited a passion for cricket across the nation. It is credited with transforming the way cricket was viewed and played in India, inspiring future generations of cricketers.

6. Significance of the Win:

• The win in 1983 changed the course of Indian cricket. It gave the game an unparalleled level of popularity, and it sparked the growth of the sport at the grassroots level in India.
• Kapil Dev’s leadership and the team's spirited performance were praised. The victory laid the foundation for India's future successes in cricket, leading to more World Cup victories in the years to come (e.g., in 2007 for the ICC T20 World Cup, and 2011 for the ICC Cricket World Cup).
• It was also a defining moment for Indian cricket in terms of global recognition, as it established India as a major force in world cricket.

7. Post-1983 Impact:

• The 1983 victory inspired numerous cricketers in India, including the likes of Sachin Tendulkar, Sourav Ganguly, VVS Laxman, and others, who grew up idolizing the team’s success.
• The victory was instrumental in India’s journey to becoming one of the most successful and dominant teams in international cricket today.

In summary, India won the Cricket World Cup in 1983 under the leadership of Kapil Dev, defeating the West Indies in the final. This victory marked a pivotal moment in the history of Indian cricket, bringing the nation its first World Cup title and revolutionizing the sport in India.

Hence, Option C Is Correct.